Southern Appalachians
Mountain sites in GRSM extend from mixed hardwoods to highest elevation spruce-fir stands. At CWT highest elevation sites reach northern hardwoods. Lowest elevation sites at GRSM and CWT both extend to mixed Piedmont hardwoods. Still lower elevations support elements of the southern Piedmont and north temperate forests at MARS and SCBI.
Mountain climates are highly variable in space and time. High elevation sites typically have year-round moisture surpluses. At lower elevations summer deficits are common.
Monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration with 95% coverage since 1950
Sites assimilated thus far include:
Coweeta (CWT)
Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSNP)
Bent Creek (BCEF), Grandfather Mtn (GRAN), and Pisgah (PISG)
Mars Hill (MARS)
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI)
Mountain Lake Biological Station (NEON MLBS)
| Tree-years | Seeds | |
|---|---|---|
| Abies fraseri | 4558 | 4068 |
| Acer negundo | 61 | 13 |
| Acer pensylvanicum | 28737 | 2090 |
| Acer platanoides | 10 | 6 |
| Acer rubrum | 76838 | 43712 |
| Acer saccharum | 4756 | 325 |
| Acer spicatum | 2790 | 126 |
| Acer UNKN | 86 | 37040 |
| Ailanthus altissima | 34 | 366 |
| Amelanchier arborea | 5413 | 34 |
| Amelanchier laevis | 168 | 2 |
| Amelanchier UNKN | 672 | 903 |
| Asimina triloba | 3876 | 0 |
| berbThun | 3 | 39 |
| betu_fruit | 0 | 134 |
| Betula alleghaniensis | 4380 | 17448 |
| Betula lenta | 6235 | 69142 |
| Betula UNKN | 0 | 492185 |
| Carpinus caroliniana | 3068 | 2847 |
| Carya cordiformis | 446 | 49 |
| Carya ovalis-glabra | 9742 | 243 |
| Carya tomentosa | 2801 | 29 |
| Carya UNKN | 1075 | 2258 |
| Castanea dentata | 11 | 0 |
| Celtis occidentalis | 118 | 171 |
| Cercis canadensis | 924 | 376 |
| chioVirg | 15 | 2 |
| Cornus alternifolia | 89 | 0 |
| Cornus florida | 8493 | 272 |
| coryAmer | 3 | 0 |
| cratPrui | 1 | 0 |
| Crataegus UNKN | 10 | 0 |
| Diospyros virginiana | 5 | 0 |
| elaeUmbe | 3 | 0 |
| Fagus grandifolia | 5232 | 1347 |
| Fraxinus americana | 7138 | 7699 |
| Fraxinus nigra | 73 | 2 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanicum | 65 | 32 |
| fraxUNKN | 5 | 4 |
| hamaVirg | 1426 | 86 |
| Ilex montana | 4896 | 27 |
| ilexUNKN | 0 | 53 |
| Ilex verticillata | 43 | 0 |
| Juglans cinerea | 5 | 0 |
| Juglans nigra | 125 | 37 |
| lindBenz | 13920 | 1119 |
| Liquidambar styraciflua | 30 | 0 |
| Liriodendron tulipifera | 29938 | 162991 |
| liriTuli_fruit | 0 | 21 |
| loniMaac | 28 | 0 |
| Magnolia acuminata | 2569 | 0 |
| Magnolia fraseri | 9211 | 0 |
| Magnolia tripetala | 8 | 0 |
| magnUNKN | 17 | 42 |
| Morus rubra | 42 | 0 |
| Nyssa sylvatica | 21672 | 4496 |
| Oxydendrum arboreum | 15041 | 41251 |
| paulTome | 3 | 0 |
| Picea rubens | 4482 | 13276 |
| Pinus echinata | 6 | 0 |
| Pinus pungens | 1 | 0 |
| Pinus rigida | 720 | 226 |
| Pinus strobus | 2477 | 118 |
| pinuStro_fruit | 0 | 6 |
| Pinus taeda | 64 | 2 |
| Pinus UNKN | 0 | 916 |
| Pinus virginiana | 3 | 23 |
| pinuVirg_fruit | 0 | 1 |
| Platanus occidentalis | 36 | 8336 |
| Prunus avium | 97 | 171 |
| Prunus pensylvanica | 124 | 36 |
| Prunus serotina | 647 | 103 |
| Prunus UNKN | 121 | 61 |
| Quercus alba | 1512 | 1188 |
| Quercus coccinea | 3469 | 79 |
| Quercus falcata | 1 | 98 |
| Quercus marilandica | 80 | 0 |
| Quercus michauxii | 3 | 0 |
| Quercus muehlenbergii | 1 | 0 |
| Quercus prinus | 15087 | 847 |
| Quercus rubra | 18851 | 2047 |
| Quercus UNKN | 2856 | 9128 |
| Quercus velutina | 4818 | 709 |
| Robinia pseudoacacia | 4031 | 102 |
| robiPseu_fruit | 0 | 168 |
| rosaMult | 192 | 3 |
| rubuAlle | 14 | 0 |
| rubuPens | 2 | 0 |
| rubuPhoe | 40 | 5 |
| Sambucus nigra | 29 | 0 |
| Sassafras albidum | 5719 | 14 |
| Sorbus americana | 723 | 1209 |
| sorbAmer_fruit | 0 | 259 |
| Tilia americana | 3012 | 4716 |
| Tilia heterophylla | 306 | 0 |
| tsugCa0_fruit | 0 | 1 |
| Tsuga canadensis | 7860 | 1129 |
| tsugCana_fruit | 0 | 114 |
| Ulmus alata | 59 | 0 |
| Ulmus americana | 59 | 115 |
| Ulmus rubra | 688 | 78 |
| Ulmus UNKN | 0 | 36 |
| vibuPrun | 425 | 22 |
| vibuReco | 2 | 0 |
| vitis_fruit | 0 | 1893 |